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Censorship of Internet content

can take many forms and ranges of governments that block the spread of political opinion to pornographic websites and a blacklist of pirates.

OpenNet Initiative is a collaboration between three groups: the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto Munk School of International Affairs at Harvard University Berkman Center for Internet and Society and the Group in SecDev Ottawa - which investigates the world of Internet filtering.

ONI principal investigator and director of the Laboratory of citizen Ronald Deibert said:

original and probably still largely pornography is both specific content more widely and which is justified by the country. Most countries, they will participate in Internet censorship, start by talking about a broad category of inappropriate content. But what we found in the last decade is the spectrum of content that is targeted for filtering content has grown to include content policy and security, especially in authoritarian regimes. The scope and breadth of content filtering targeted grew.

For each country, the NIB is seen in the following four categories of filtering and gives everyone, from "No evidence of leakage" to "generalized filter":

Policy

- Contents of opposition to the government or its policies, can also refer to human rights, freedom of expression, rights of minorities or religious movements

aa .

Social

- content that can be perceived as offensive by the general population as sex, gambling, illegal drugs, etc.

conflict / security

- Content related to armed conflicts, border conflicts, militant groups and separatist movements

Internet Tools

- Tools that allow users to communicate with others, avoid filtering or providing a service. Each country is ranked in terms of consistency - consistency of these questions are filtered through the ISPs - and transparency - the degree of visibility is the process by which sites are blocked and whether users are able to see what is on the blacklist.

According to ONI, Iran was the lowest rank, with the "pervasive" filtering in the categories of political, social and the Internet and "substantial" filter conflict / safety. Tested in 2011, Iran's filtering has been described as "very" coherent and had "half" of transparency. Even the country's president is not immune to the blacklist - was reported in February this year that the censors had blocked access to several new sites supporting Ahmadinejad ahead of parliamentary elections in March. Worse, Iran has proposed a national Internet, which both increase the grip of government through individual connections, but also prevent users from accessing foreign sites Iranians. In addition, people must also provide personal data, including the use of an Internet cafe.

After Iran was China, there was "widespread" and political conflict / security screening, as well as tools of "substantial" Social and Internet filtering. Filtration also has a great consistency, China also had a lower score of the transparency of Iran. On April 12, Chinese users have been separated from all foreign sites, perhaps due to a reconfiguration of the "Great Wall".

Meanwhile, the authorities closed 42 sites since March this year. "The market for filter technology has grown worldwide, what started as a mainly market-oriented business environments in the west has become big business increasingly the government," said Deibert .

our research we found many companies, especially in Silicon Valley - who have provided products and services to regimes that violated human rights. The market for this type of technologies used to implement the control is increasingly sophisticated

However, Deibert feel governments move away from the black list of sites to filter and extended in this ONI calls the "next generation filtering", which includes targeted surveillance and "just in time" filtering , temporarily or filtering only when the content is valuable - for example, in an election. "We are seeing a trend away from traditional Internet censorship and the next generation controls," he said . "The future is not in the great wall, but in how countries like Iran have come to filter content."

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